US Shows Job Gains For February In Healthcare, Transportation, Logistics, Bars & Restaurants

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 275,000 in February, and the unemployment rate
increased to 3.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains
occurred in health care, in government, in food services and drinking places, in social
assistance, and in transportation and warehousing.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two
surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 3.9 percent in February, and the
number of unemployed people increased by 334,000 to 6.5 million. A year earlier, the
jobless rate was 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed people was 6.0 million. (See
table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.5 percent) and
teenagers (12.5 percent) increased over the month. The jobless rates for adult men (3.5
percent), Whites (3.4 percent), Blacks (5.6 percent), Asians (3.4 percent), and
Hispanics (5.0 percent) showed little or no change in February. (See tables A-1, A-2,
and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers increased by 174,000 to 1.7
million in February. The number of people on temporary layoff was little changed at
827,000. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.2 million,
was little changed in February. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.7 percent of
all unemployed people. (See table A-12.)

In February, the labor force participation rate was 62.5 percent for the third consecutive
month, and the employment-population ratio was little changed at 60.1 percent. These
measures showed little or no change over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.4 million, changed
little in February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment,
were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find
full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In February, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at
5.7 million, was little changed. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because
they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were
unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally
attached to the labor force changed little at 1.6 million in February. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12
months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of
discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
available for them, was little changed at 425,000 in February. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 275,000 in February, above the average monthly
gain of 230,000 over the prior 12 months. In February, job gains occurred in health care,
in government, in food services and drinking places, in social assistance, and in
transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 67,000 jobs in February, above the average monthly gain of 58,000 over
the prior 12 months. In February, job growth continued in ambulatory health care
services (+28,000), hospitals (+28,000), and nursing and residential care facilities
(+11,000).

Government employment rose by 52,000 in February, about the same as the prior 12-month
average gain (+53,000). Over the month, employment continued to trend up in local
government, excluding education (+26,000) and federal government (+9,000).

Employment in food services and drinking places increased by 42,000 in February, after
changing little over the prior 3 months.

Social assistance added 24,000 jobs in February, about the same as the prior 12-month
average gain of 23,000. Over the month, job growth continued in individual and family
services (+19,000).

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 20,000 in February. Couriers and
messengers added 17,000 jobs, after losing 70,000 jobs over the prior 3 months. In
February, job growth also occurred in air transportation (+4,000), while warehousing
and storage lost 7,000 jobs. Employment in the transportation and warehousing industry
is down by 144,000 since reaching a peak in July 2022.

In February, employment continued to trend up in construction (+23,000), in line with
the average monthly gain of 18,000 over the prior 12 months. Over the month, heavy
and civil engineering construction added 13,000 jobs.

Retail trade employment changed little in February (+19,000) and has shown little net
change over the year. Over the month, job gains in general merchandise retailers
(+17,000); health and personal care retailers (+6,000); and automotive parts,
accessories, and tire retailers (+5,000) were partially offset by job losses in
building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers (-6,000) and electronics
and appliance retailers (-2,000).

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including
mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade;
information; financial activities; professional and business services; and other
services.

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
edged up by 5 cents to $34.57, following an increase of 18 cents in January. Average
hourly earnings were up by 0.1 percent in February and 4.3 percent over the year.
In February, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees edged up by 7 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $29.71. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

In February, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.3 hours, following a decline of 0.2 hour in January. In
manufacturing, the average workweek was little changed at 39.9 hours, and overtime
increased by 0.2 hour to 3.0 hours in February. The average workweek for production
and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 hour to
33.8 hours, following a decline of 0.3 hour in January. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised down by
43,000, from +333,000 to +290,000, and the change for January was revised down by
124,000, from +353,000 to +229,000. With these revisions, employment in December
and January combined is 167,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions
result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Category	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Change from: Jan. 2024- Feb. 2024
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	266,112	267,991	267,540	267,711	171
Civilian labor force	166,263	167,451	167,276	167,426	150
Participation rate	62.5	62.5	62.5	62.5	0.0
Employed	160,301	161,183	161,152	160,968	-184
Employment-population ratio	60.2	60.1	60.2	60.1	-0.1
Unemployed	5,962	6,268	6,124	6,458	334
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.9	0.2
Not in labor force	99,849	100,540	100,265	100,285	20

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.9	0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.5	0.3
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.1	11.9	10.6	12.5	1.9
White	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
Black or African American	5.7	5.2	5.3	5.6	0.3
Asian	3.4	3.1	2.9	3.4	0.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.4	5.0	5.0	5.0	0.0

Total, 25 years and over	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.2	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	5.8	6.0	6.0	6.1	0.1
High school graduates, no college	3.6	4.2	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Bachelor’s degree and higher	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2	0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,766	3,058	3,028	3,216	188
Job leavers	888	833	794	711	-83
Reentrants	1,844	1,741	1,834	1,946	112
New entrants	521	609	550	611	61

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,294	2,191	2,140	2,326	186
5 to 14 weeks	1,838	1,791	1,848	1,933	85
15 to 26 weeks	812	1,104	867	974	107
27 weeks and over	1,051	1,245	1,277	1,203	-74

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,070	4,211	4,422	4,376	-46
Slack work or business conditions	2,842	2,960	2,994	2,863	-131
Could only find part-time work	866	964	1,026	1,104	78
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,780	22,458	22,156	22,309	153

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,419	1,562	1,654	1,558	-96
Discouraged workers	367	346	452	425	-27
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	287	290	229	275
Total private	226	214	177	223
Goods-producing	26	33	24	19
Mining and logging	2	3	-3	0
Construction	26	18	19	23
Manufacturing	-2	12	8	-4
Durable goods(1)	0	19	-1	2
Motor vehicles and parts	1.9	4.6	2.4	-0.4
Nondurable goods	-2	-7	9	-6
Private service-providing	200	181	153	204
Wholesale trade	12.5	7.4	-3.3	-1.2
Retail trade	88.5	32.3	15.2	18.7
Transportation and warehousing	-21.4	-18.3	-28.9	19.7
Utilities	0.7	2.4	1.9	3.2
Information	-18	13	6	2
Financial activities	1	6	-1	1
Professional and business services(1)	8	13	40	9
Temporary help services	-25.3	-21.3	-1.2	-15.4
Private education and health services(1)	62	84	107	85
Health care and social assistance	64.5	76.1	86.6	90.7
Leisure and hospitality	67	41	8	58
Other services	0	0	8	9
Government	61	76	52	52

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	302	212	234	265
Total private	239	155	181	205

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.3	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.3	81.4	81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.4	34.2	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$33.15	$34.34	$34.52	$34.57
Average weekly earnings	$1,143.68	$1,181.30	$1,180.58	$1,185.75
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	114.8	115.9	115.4	115.9
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.2	-0.4	0.4
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	181.9	190.3	190.4	191.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	57.4	63.0	61.8	62.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	50.7	54.2	54.2	57.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	266,112	267,540	267,711	266,112	267,642	267,822	267,991	267,540	267,711
Civilian labor force	166,178	166,428	167,285	166,263	167,723	168,127	167,451	167,276	167,426
Participation rate	62.4	62.2	62.5	62.5	62.7	62.8	62.5	62.5	62.5
Employed	159,713	159,650	160,315	160,301	161,280	161,866	161,183	161,152	160,968
Employment-population ratio	60.0	59.7	59.9	60.2	60.3	60.4	60.1	60.2	60.1
Unemployed	6,465	6,778	6,970	5,962	6,443	6,262	6,268	6,124	6,458
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.1	4.2	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9
Not in labor force	99,934	101,113	100,426	99,849	99,919	99,695	100,540	100,265	100,285
Persons who currently want a job	4,987	5,964	5,546	5,113	5,376	5,343	5,671	5,793	5,672

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,072	130,436	130,520	130,072	130,816	130,903	130,985	130,436	130,520
Civilian labor force	88,382	88,014	88,299	88,388	88,968	89,555	89,250	88,507	88,391
Participation rate	67.9	67.5	67.7	68.0	68.0	68.4	68.1	67.9	67.7
Employed	84,666	83,959	84,391	85,185	85,327	85,981	85,794	85,034	84,993
Employment-population ratio	65.1	64.4	64.7	65.5	65.2	65.7	65.5	65.2	65.1
Unemployed	3,717	4,055	3,908	3,203	3,641	3,574	3,456	3,473	3,398
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.6	4.4	3.6	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	41,689	42,422	42,221	41,684	41,848	41,348	41,735	41,929	42,129

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,346	121,539	121,611	121,346	122,029	122,111	122,187	121,539	121,611
Civilian labor force	85,363	85,134	85,313	85,145	85,687	86,256	86,007	85,364	85,180
Participation rate	70.3	70.0	70.2	70.2	70.2	70.6	70.4	70.2	70.0
Employed	82,048	81,485	81,802	82,340	82,526	83,084	82,958	82,304	82,178
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.0	67.3	67.9	67.6	68.0	67.9	67.7	67.6
Unemployed	3,315	3,650	3,511	2,805	3,161	3,172	3,050	3,060	3,002
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.3	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.5
Not in labor force	35,983	36,405	36,299	36,201	36,343	35,854	36,180	36,175	36,431

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	136,040	137,104	137,191	136,040	136,826	136,919	137,006	137,104	137,191
Civilian labor force	77,796	78,413	78,986	77,875	78,755	78,572	78,201	78,768	79,035
Participation rate	57.2	57.2	57.6	57.2	57.6	57.4	57.1	57.5	57.6
Employed	75,047	75,691	75,924	75,116	75,953	75,885	75,389	76,118	75,975
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.2	55.3	55.2	55.5	55.4	55.0	55.5	55.4
Unemployed	2,749	2,723	3,062	2,759	2,801	2,688	2,811	2,650	3,060
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.5	3.9	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.9
Not in labor force	58,245	58,691	58,205	58,165	58,071	58,346	58,805	58,336	58,156

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	127,613	128,503	128,581	127,613	128,342	128,430	128,513	128,503	128,581
Civilian labor force	74,823	75,382	75,995	74,703	75,487	75,399	75,047	75,529	75,835
Participation rate	58.6	58.7	59.1	58.5	58.8	58.7	58.4	58.8	59.0
Employed	72,354	72,909	73,299	72,257	73,066	73,049	72,587	73,144	73,182
Employment-population ratio	56.7	56.7	57.0	56.6	56.9	56.9	56.5	56.9	56.9
Unemployed	2,470	2,473	2,696	2,446	2,421	2,350	2,460	2,385	2,653
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.5
Not in labor force	52,790	53,121	52,586	52,910	52,856	53,031	53,466	52,974	52,746

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,153	17,498	17,519	17,153	17,270	17,281	17,291	17,498	17,519
Civilian labor force	5,992	5,911	5,978	6,415	6,549	6,472	6,396	6,383	6,411
Participation rate	34.9	33.8	34.1	37.4	37.9	37.5	37.0	36.5	36.6
Employed	5,311	5,256	5,214	5,704	5,688	5,733	5,638	5,704	5,608
Employment-population ratio	31.0	30.0	29.8	33.3	32.9	33.2	32.6	32.6	32.0
Unemployed	680	655	763	711	861	739	758	679	803
Unemployment rate	11.4	11.1	12.8	11.1	13.1	11.4	11.9	10.6	12.5
Not in labor force	11,161	11,587	11,541	10,738	10,721	10,809	10,895	11,115	11,108
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,118	204,608	204,677	204,118	204,867	204,949	205,022	204,608	204,677
Civilian labor force	126,754	126,338	126,960	126,800	127,612	127,773	127,226	126,962	127,040
Participation rate	62.1	61.7	62.0	62.1	62.3	62.3	62.1	62.1	62.1
Employed	122,285	121,515	122,180	122,764	123,198	123,550	122,802	122,663	122,685
Employment-population ratio	59.9	59.4	59.7	60.1	60.1	60.3	59.9	60.0	59.9
Unemployed	4,470	4,823	4,779	4,036	4,414	4,223	4,424	4,299	4,356
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.4
Not in labor force	77,364	78,270	77,717	77,318	77,255	77,177	77,796	77,646	77,637
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,225	65,675	65,748	66,105	66,363	66,695	66,405	65,869	65,685
Participation rate	70.1	69.6	69.6	70.0	70.0	70.3	70.0	69.8	69.6
Employed	63,842	63,018	63,315	64,138	64,148	64,559	64,208	63,674	63,658
Employment-population ratio	67.6	66.8	67.1	67.9	67.6	68.1	67.7	67.5	67.4
Unemployed	2,383	2,657	2,433	1,968	2,215	2,136	2,197	2,195	2,027
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.0	3.7	3.0	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,932	56,154	56,629	55,786	56,209	56,130	55,844	56,219	56,454
Participation rate	57.6	57.6	58.0	57.4	57.6	57.5	57.2	57.6	57.9
Employed	54,309	54,474	54,791	54,182	54,621	54,609	54,175	54,615	54,646
Employment-population ratio	55.9	55.8	56.2	55.8	56.0	56.0	55.5	56.0	56.0
Unemployed	1,623	1,679	1,838	1,603	1,588	1,521	1,669	1,604	1,808
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.9	3.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,597	4,510	4,583	4,909	5,040	4,947	4,976	4,874	4,902
Participation rate	36.8	35.6	36.1	39.3	40.2	39.5	39.7	38.4	38.6
Employed	4,133	4,022	4,075	4,444	4,430	4,382	4,418	4,374	4,381
Employment-population ratio	33.1	31.7	32.1	35.6	35.4	35.0	35.3	34.5	34.5
Unemployed	463	487	508	465	611	565	558	500	520
Unemployment rate	10.1	10.8	11.1	9.5	12.1	11.4	11.2	10.3	10.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,519	34,813	34,849	34,519	34,788	34,821	34,853	34,813	34,849
Civilian labor force	21,770	21,904	22,084	21,864	21,902	22,171	22,094	22,051	22,190
Participation rate	63.1	62.9	63.4	63.3	63.0	63.7	63.4	63.3	63.7
Employed	20,488	20,703	20,810	20,613	20,636	20,886	20,952	20,887	20,950
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.5	59.7	59.7	59.3	60.0	60.1	60.0	60.1
Unemployed	1,282	1,201	1,274	1,252	1,266	1,285	1,143	1,164	1,240
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.5	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.2	5.3	5.6
Not in labor force	12,749	12,909	12,765	12,655	12,886	12,650	12,759	12,762	12,659
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,153	10,197	10,300	10,194	10,048	10,299	10,294	10,266	10,344
Participation rate	68.9	68.9	69.5	69.2	67.7	69.3	69.2	69.4	69.8
Employed	9,593	9,606	9,615	9,670	9,520	9,648	9,821	9,717	9,709
Employment-population ratio	65.1	64.9	64.9	65.6	64.1	64.9	66.0	65.7	65.5
Unemployed	560	590	685	524	528	651	473	548	636
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.8	6.6	5.1	5.3	6.3	4.6	5.3	6.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,876	10,940	11,048	10,870	11,065	11,067	11,014	10,967	11,050
Participation rate	63.0	62.8	63.3	63.0	63.6	63.6	63.2	62.9	63.4
Employed	10,301	10,416	10,563	10,307	10,475	10,533	10,486	10,445	10,568
Employment-population ratio	59.7	59.8	60.6	59.7	60.3	60.5	60.2	59.9	60.6
Unemployed	575	525	485	563	590	534	528	521	482
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.8	4.4	5.2	5.3	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	741	767	737	801	789	805	786	819	796
Participation rate	29.5	29.6	28.4	31.8	30.9	31.5	30.7	31.6	30.7
Employed	594	681	632	635	642	705	644	724	673
Employment-population ratio	23.6	26.3	24.3	25.2	25.1	27.6	25.2	27.9	25.9
Unemployed	147	86	105	166	147	100	142	95	122
Unemployment rate	19.9	11.3	14.2	20.7	18.7	12.4	18.0	11.6	15.4

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,444	17,930	17,784	17,444	17,593	17,769	17,896	17,930	17,784
Civilian labor force	11,371	11,495	11,479	11,358	11,490	11,548	11,436	11,559	11,472
Participation rate	65.2	64.1	64.5	65.1	65.3	65.0	63.9	64.5	64.5
Employed	10,982	11,146	11,084	10,970	11,134	11,144	11,084	11,223	11,081
Employment-population ratio	63.0	62.2	62.3	62.9	63.3	62.7	61.9	62.6	62.3
Unemployed	389	349	395	387	356	404	353	336	390
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.0	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.5	3.1	2.9	3.4
Not in labor force	6,073	6,435	6,305	6,087	6,103	6,221	6,459	6,372	6,312
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	47,103	48,364	48,467	47,103	47,877	47,974	48,068	48,364	48,467
Civilian labor force	31,507	32,260	32,513	31,516	32,056	32,101	32,081	32,318	32,499
Participation rate	66.9	66.7	67.1	66.9	67.0	66.9	66.7	66.8	67.1
Employed	29,640	30,389	30,732	29,813	30,525	30,636	30,480	30,700	30,883
Employment-population ratio	62.9	62.8	63.4	63.3	63.8	63.9	63.4	63.5	63.7
Unemployed	1,866	1,871	1,781	1,703	1,531	1,465	1,602	1,618	1,616
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.8	5.5	5.4	4.8	4.6	5.0	5.0	5.0
Not in labor force	15,597	16,104	15,953	15,587	15,822	15,873	15,986	16,046	15,967
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,951	17,372	17,434	16,941	17,128	17,267	17,261	17,372	17,415
Participation rate	79.2	79.5	79.6	79.1	78.7	79.2	79.1	79.5	79.5
Employed	15,912	16,315	16,601	16,047	16,409	16,537	16,438	16,519	16,720
Employment-population ratio	74.3	74.6	75.8	74.9	75.4	75.9	75.3	75.6	76.3
Unemployed	1,038	1,057	832	894	719	729	824	852	695
Unemployment rate	6.1	6.1	4.8	5.3	4.2	4.2	4.8	4.9	4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,120	13,329	13,575	13,099	13,265	13,260	13,346	13,336	13,535
Participation rate	61.5	60.7	61.7	61.3	61.1	61.0	61.3	60.7	61.5
Employed	12,465	12,697	12,862	12,474	12,727	12,737	12,746	12,759	12,860
Employment-population ratio	58.4	57.8	58.4	58.4	58.6	58.6	58.5	58.1	58.4
Unemployed	655	632	713	624	537	523	601	577	675
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.7	5.3	4.8	4.1	3.9	4.5	4.3	5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,436	1,558	1,504	1,477	1,664	1,574	1,474	1,610	1,549
Participation rate	33.1	34.3	33.1	34.0	37.6	35.5	33.2	35.5	34.0
Employed	1,262	1,377	1,269	1,293	1,389	1,361	1,296	1,422	1,304
Employment-population ratio	29.1	30.3	27.9	29.8	31.4	30.7	29.2	31.3	28.6
Unemployed	173	181	235	184	275	213	177	188	246
Unemployment rate	12.1	11.6	15.6	12.5	16.5	13.5	12.0	11.7	15.9
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,850	9,281	8,887	9,149	9,312	9,492	9,384	9,271	9,192
Participation rate	46.7	47.1	46.7	48.3	48.0	48.3	47.5	47.1	48.3
Employed	8,198	8,562	8,204	8,615	8,771	8,891	8,819	8,715	8,626
Employment-population ratio	43.2	43.5	43.1	45.4	45.2	45.2	44.6	44.3	45.4
Unemployed	652	719	683	534	542	601	564	556	565
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.7	7.7	5.8	5.8	6.3	6.0	6.0	6.1

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,852	35,853	36,541	35,860	35,637	35,790	35,748	35,927	36,474
Participation rate	56.0	56.9	57.1	56.0	56.9	57.3	57.1	57.0	57.0
Employed	34,441	34,116	34,866	34,576	34,195	34,327	34,247	34,385	34,948
Employment-population ratio	53.8	54.2	54.5	54.0	54.6	55.0	54.7	54.6	54.7
Unemployed	1,411	1,736	1,675	1,285	1,442	1,463	1,501	1,543	1,526
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.8	4.6	3.6	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.2

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,869	36,167	36,297	35,964	35,814	35,874	35,737	36,205	36,322
Participation rate	63.4	62.6	63.4	63.6	62.2	62.1	62.4	62.6	63.5
Employed	34,594	34,922	35,049	34,794	34,691	34,866	34,623	35,020	35,178
Employment-population ratio	61.2	60.4	61.2	61.5	60.3	60.4	60.4	60.6	61.5
Unemployed	1,275	1,245	1,248	1,170	1,123	1,009	1,114	1,184	1,144
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.1	2.8	3.1	3.3	3.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	63,848	64,039	64,479	63,271	64,504	64,452	64,297	64,195	63,965
Participation rate	73.1	72.6	72.7	72.5	72.8	72.7	72.3	72.7	72.1
Employed	62,530	62,621	63,013	61,973	63,133	63,091	62,933	62,836	62,527
Employment-population ratio	71.6	71.0	71.1	71.0	71.2	71.2	70.8	71.2	70.5
Unemployed	1,318	1,418	1,466	1,297	1,371	1,360	1,364	1,359	1,438
Unemployment rate	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,002	17,680	15,967	15,635	2,035	2,045
Civilian labor force	8,683	8,615	7,600	7,419	1,083	1,196
Participation rate	48.2	48.7	47.6	47.5	53.2	58.5
Employed	8,462	8,369	7,393	7,199	1,069	1,170
Employment-population ratio	47.0	47.3	46.3	46.0	52.5	57.2
Unemployed	221	247	207	220	14	26
Unemployment rate	2.5	2.9	2.7	3.0	1.3	2.2
Not in labor force	9,319	9,065	8,367	8,216	952	849

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,989	5,266	4,070	4,309	919	957
Civilian labor force	4,004	4,195	3,381	3,484	623	711
Participation rate	80.3	79.7	83.1	80.9	67.8	74.3
Employed	3,894	4,090	3,283	3,395	611	695
Employment-population ratio	78.0	77.7	80.7	78.8	66.5	72.7
Unemployed	111	105	98	89	12	16
Unemployment rate	2.8	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.0	2.2
Not in labor force	985	1,071	689	825	295	246

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,947	2,820	2,510	2,389	437	431
Civilian labor force	2,148	2,022	1,831	1,737	317	286
Participation rate	72.9	71.7	72.9	72.7	72.5	66.3
Employed	2,098	1,967	1,781	1,681	317	286
Employment-population ratio	71.2	69.8	70.9	70.4	72.5	66.3
Unemployed	50	55	50	55	0	0
Unemployment rate	2.3	2.7	2.7	3.2	0.0	0.0
Not in labor force	799	797	679	652	120	145

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,077	5,756	5,820	5,513	257	243
Civilian labor force	820	695	815	672	6	23
Participation rate	13.5	12.1	14.0	12.2	2.1	9.6
Employed	809	660	803	637	6	23
Employment-population ratio	13.3	11.5	13.8	11.6	2.1	9.6
Unemployed	11	35	11	35	0	0
Unemployment rate	1.4	5.0	1.4	5.2	–	–
Not in labor force	5,257	5,061	5,005	4,841	251	220

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,989	3,838	3,567	3,424	422	414
Civilian labor force	1,711	1,703	1,574	1,527	137	176
Participation rate	42.9	44.4	44.1	44.6	32.5	42.5
Employed	1,662	1,651	1,526	1,486	136	165
Employment-population ratio	41.7	43.0	42.8	43.4	32.2	39.9
Unemployed	49	52	47	41	1	11
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.7	0.9	6.0
Not in labor force	2,278	2,135	1,993	1,897	285	238

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	238,871	240,832	109,483	110,303	129,389	130,529
Civilian labor force	155,307	156,583	79,747	79,939	75,560	76,644
Participation rate	65.0	65.0	72.8	72.5	58.4	58.7
Employed	149,259	150,113	76,361	76,364	72,898	73,749
Employment-population ratio	62.5	62.3	69.7	69.2	56.3	56.5
Unemployed	6,049	6,470	3,387	3,574	2,662	2,896
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.5	3.5	3.8
Not in labor force	83,564	84,249	29,735	30,364	53,829	53,884
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,611	33,864	233,501	233,847
Civilian labor force	7,786	8,270	158,392	159,015
Participation rate	23.9	24.4	67.8	68.0
Employed	7,214	7,636	152,498	152,679
Employment-population ratio	22.1	22.5	65.3	65.3
Unemployed	572	634	5,894	6,336
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.7	3.7	4.0
Not in labor force	24,825	25,594	75,109	74,832

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,256	3,349	79,093	78,756
Participation rate	41.9	40.2	82.2	82.6
Employed	3,007	3,068	75,778	75,356
Employment-population ratio	38.7	36.8	78.7	79.1
Unemployed	249	281	3,316	3,401
Unemployment rate	7.6	8.4	4.2	4.3
Not in labor force	4,516	4,981	17,162	16,550

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,245	3,407	69,610	70,334
Participation rate	38.6	39.9	72.4	72.9
Employed	2,966	3,126	67,277	67,693
Employment-population ratio	35.3	36.6	70.0	70.2
Unemployed	279	281	2,333	2,642
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.2	3.4	3.8
Not in labor force	5,164	5,127	26,508	26,153

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,285	1,514	9,688	9,924
Participation rate	7.8	8.9	23.6	23.6
Employed	1,241	1,442	9,443	9,630
Employment-population ratio	7.6	8.5	23.0	22.9
Unemployed	44	73	245	294
Unemployment rate	3.4	4.8	2.5	3.0
Not in labor force	15,146	15,486	31,439	32,128
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,470	48,810	22,743	24,041	23,727	24,769
Civilian labor force	30,827	32,521	17,464	18,499	13,363	14,022
Participation rate	66.3	66.6	76.8	77.0	56.3	56.6
Employed	29,518	31,002	16,705	17,704	12,813	13,299
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.5	73.4	73.6	54.0	53.7
Unemployed	1,309	1,519	759	796	550	723
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.7	4.3	4.3	4.1	5.2
Not in labor force	15,643	16,289	5,279	5,541	10,364	10,747

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	219,642	218,901	107,328	106,479	112,314	112,422
Civilian labor force	135,351	134,764	70,919	69,800	64,433	64,964
Participation rate	61.6	61.6	66.1	65.6	57.4	57.8
Employed	130,194	129,313	67,961	66,688	62,234	62,625
Employment-population ratio	59.3	59.1	63.3	62.6	55.4	55.7
Unemployed	5,157	5,451	2,958	3,112	2,199	2,339
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.0	4.2	4.5	3.4	3.6
Not in labor force	84,291	84,137	36,410	36,679	47,881	47,458
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status[In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,251	2,074	2,111	2,343	2,201	2,262	2,205	2,184	2,201
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,456	1,413	1,454	1,526	1,468	1,549	1,520	1,489	1,524
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	755	651	621	779	707	701	680	687	649
Unpaid family workers	40	10	35	–	–	–	–	–	–
Nonagricultural industries	157,461	157,575	158,205	157,797	159,166	159,578	158,993	158,735	158,601
Wage and salary workers(1)	148,238	148,684	148,897	148,613	150,170	150,505	149,702	149,741	149,321
Government	21,951	21,858	21,517	21,501	21,664	21,878	21,700	21,490	21,142
Private industries	126,287	126,826	127,380	127,130	128,454	128,612	128,086	128,407	128,256
Private households	592	773	746	–	–	–	–	–	–
Other industries	125,696	126,053	126,634	126,411	127,800	127,889	127,414	127,521	127,392
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,173	8,841	9,261	9,304	8,957	9,014	9,335	9,087	9,377
Unpaid family workers	50	50	47	–	–	–	–	–	–

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,285	4,874	4,592	4,070	4,284	3,994	4,211	4,422	4,376
Slack work or business conditions	3,079	3,427	3,098	2,842	2,985	2,790	2,960	2,994	2,863
Could only find part-time work	868	1,046	1,139	866	1,000	934	964	1,026	1,104
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,494	22,238	23,043	21,780	21,576	21,879	22,458	22,156	22,309
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,146	4,803	4,479	3,970	4,205	3,931	4,138	4,371	4,300
Slack work or business conditions	2,975	3,390	3,013	2,763	2,941	2,735	2,913	2,959	2,803
Could only find part-time work	850	1,038	1,130	850	992	923	953	1,018	1,098
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,074	21,878	22,677	21,375	21,214	21,444	22,060	21,793	21,951
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
– Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	159,713	159,650	160,315	160,301	161,280	161,866	161,183	161,152	160,968
16 to 19 years	5,311	5,256	5,214	5,704	5,688	5,733	5,638	5,704	5,608
16 to 17 years	1,992	2,071	1,833	2,190	2,161	2,235	2,194	2,292	2,035
18 to 19 years	3,319	3,186	3,381	3,531	3,518	3,514	3,446	3,428	3,595
20 years and over	154,401	154,394	155,101	154,597	155,592	156,133	155,545	155,448	155,360
20 to 24 years	14,638	14,173	13,969	14,817	14,565	14,787	14,756	14,562	14,192
25 years and over	139,763	140,221	141,131	139,971	140,887	141,194	140,617	140,972	141,300
25 to 54 years	102,681	102,991	103,564	102,866	103,311	103,451	103,161	103,489	103,717
25 to 34 years	35,751	35,424	35,631	35,777	35,799	35,779	35,859	35,700	35,672
35 to 44 years	35,179	35,703	36,077	35,265	35,486	35,680	35,546	35,818	36,117
45 to 54 years	31,751	31,864	31,856	31,824	32,026	31,992	31,757	31,970	31,928
55 years and over	37,082	37,230	37,567	37,105	37,576	37,742	37,455	37,484	37,582

Men, 16 years and over	84,666	83,959	84,391	85,185	85,327	85,981	85,794	85,034	84,993
16 to 19 years	2,618	2,475	2,589	2,845	2,801	2,897	2,836	2,730	2,815
16 to 17 years	912	934	828	1,015	1,067	1,071	1,033	1,063	939
18 to 19 years	1,706	1,541	1,761	1,844	1,730	1,846	1,807	1,679	1,900
20 years and over	82,048	81,485	81,802	82,340	82,526	83,084	82,958	82,304	82,178
20 to 24 years	7,355	7,093	6,951	7,483	7,262	7,446	7,432	7,320	7,107
25 years and over	74,693	74,391	74,851	75,068	75,118	75,514	75,397	75,093	75,239
25 to 54 years	54,765	54,500	54,836	55,051	55,012	55,262	55,178	55,008	55,126
25 to 34 years	19,087	18,720	18,868	19,149	18,975	19,088	19,104	18,948	18,945
35 to 44 years	18,859	18,949	19,162	18,978	19,043	19,107	19,108	19,109	19,266
45 to 54 years	16,819	16,830	16,806	16,924	16,994	17,067	16,966	16,951	16,916
55 years and over	19,928	19,892	20,016	20,017	20,106	20,252	20,219	20,085	20,112

Women, 16 years and over	75,047	75,691	75,924	75,116	75,953	75,885	75,389	76,118	75,975
16 to 19 years	2,693	2,781	2,625	2,859	2,887	2,836	2,802	2,974	2,793
16 to 17 years	1,080	1,137	1,005	1,174	1,094	1,164	1,162	1,229	1,096
18 to 19 years	1,614	1,645	1,620	1,687	1,788	1,668	1,639	1,749	1,694
20 years and over	72,354	72,909	73,299	72,257	73,066	73,049	72,587	73,144	73,182
20 to 24 years	7,283	7,080	7,019	7,334	7,303	7,342	7,324	7,241	7,085
25 years and over	65,070	65,829	66,280	64,903	65,769	65,679	65,220	65,879	66,061
25 to 54 years	47,916	48,491	48,728	47,815	48,298	48,189	47,983	48,480	48,591
25 to 34 years	16,664	16,704	16,763	16,628	16,823	16,691	16,755	16,752	16,727
35 to 44 years	16,320	16,754	16,916	16,287	16,443	16,573	16,438	16,709	16,851
45 to 54 years	14,932	15,033	15,050	14,900	15,032	14,926	14,791	15,019	15,013
55 years and over	17,154	17,338	17,552	17,088	17,471	17,490	17,237	17,399	17,470

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,414	45,519	45,452	46,185	46,059	46,344	46,392	45,672	45,387
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,152	37,034	37,035	36,931	37,018	36,887	36,790	37,033	36,822
Women who maintain families(2)	9,696	9,897	9,955	–	–	–	–	–	–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	132,173	131,549	131,815	133,230	134,502	134,727	133,196	133,133	132,946
Part-time workers(4)	27,540	28,101	28,501	27,020	26,702	27,032	27,794	27,890	27,941

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,041	8,133	8,411	7,883	8,360	8,343	8,565	8,272	8,259
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.1	5.2	4.9	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.1	5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,435	6,656	6,565	–	–	–	–	–	–
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,928	9,492	9,883	10,083	9,664	9,715	10,014	9,774	10,026
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
– Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,962	6,124	6,458	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9
16 to 19 years	711	679	803	11.1	13.1	11.4	11.9	10.6	12.5
16 to 17 years	218	254	290	9.0	14.7	11.4	13.1	10.0	12.5
18 to 19 years	482	415	499	12.0	12.5	11.5	11.2	10.8	12.2
20 years and over	5,251	5,445	5,655	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.5
20 to 24 years	1,103	921	1,097	6.9	7.0	6.6	6.4	5.9	7.2
25 years and over	4,258	4,602	4,655	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.2
25 to 54 years	3,256	3,480	3,544	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.3
25 to 34 years	1,459	1,467	1,607	3.9	4.2	3.9	4.2	3.9	4.3
35 to 44 years	938	1,110	1,078	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
45 to 54 years	858	903	859	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6
55 years and over	973	1,110	1,081	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.8

Men, 16 years and over	3,203	3,473	3,398	3.6	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8
16 to 19 years	398	413	396	12.3	14.6	12.2	12.5	13.2	12.3
16 to 17 years	130	190	124	11.4	16.3	13.3	15.2	15.1	11.6
18 to 19 years	271	230	272	12.8	14.2	11.7	11.3	12.1	12.5
20 years and over	2,805	3,060	3,002	3.3	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.5
20 to 24 years	646	551	610	8.0	7.8	7.1	6.4	7.0	7.9
25 years and over	2,258	2,583	2,474	2.9	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2
25 to 54 years	1,747	1,913	1,896	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.3
25 to 34 years	782	784	840	3.9	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.2
35 to 44 years	532	652	597	2.7	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.0
45 to 54 years	434	477	459	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6
55 years and over	511	669	577	2.5	2.7	3.3	2.9	3.2	2.8

Women, 16 years and over	2,759	2,650	3,060	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.9
16 to 19 years	313	266	408	9.9	11.7	10.6	11.1	8.2	12.7
16 to 17 years	88	65	166	6.9	13.1	9.5	11.2	5.0	13.1
18 to 19 years	210	185	227	11.1	10.8	11.2	11.1	9.6	11.8
20 years and over	2,446	2,385	2,653	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.5
20 to 24 years	457	369	487	5.9	6.2	6.1	6.4	4.9	6.4
25 years and over	2,000	2,019	2,182	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.2
25 to 54 years	1,509	1,567	1,648	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.3
25 to 34 years	678	683	767	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.9	3.9	4.4
35 to 44 years	407	458	481	2.4	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.8
45 to 54 years	425	426	401	2.8	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.6
55 years and over	479	441	520	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.9

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	877	999	879	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	782	773	766	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.0	2.0
Women who maintain families(2)	514	567	583	5.0	4.6	4.8	4.7	5.4	5.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,886	4,936	5,356	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.9
Part-time workers(4)	1,128	1,212	1,131	4.0	4.6	3.9	3.8	4.2	3.9
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment[Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,249	3,680	3,691	2,766	3,120	3,058	3,058	3,028	3,216
On temporary layoff	1,117	1,345	1,123	807	904	889	917	876	827
Not on temporary layoff	2,132	2,335	2,568	1,959	2,217	2,169	2,140	2,151	2,389
Permanent job losers	1,482	1,621	1,812	1,403	1,636	1,589	1,543	1,556	1,730
Persons who completed temporary jobs	650	713	756	556	581	580	597	595	659
Job leavers	892	791	712	888	801	821	833	794	711
Reentrants	1,862	1,851	1,991	1,844	1,869	1,771	1,741	1,834	1,946
New entrants	462	456	576	521	603	582	609	550	611

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	50.3	54.3	53.0	46.0	48.8	49.1	49.0	48.8	49.6
On temporary layoff	17.3	19.8	16.1	13.4	14.1	14.3	14.7	14.1	12.8
Not on temporary layoff	33.0	34.4	36.8	32.5	34.7	34.8	34.3	34.7	36.8
Job leavers	13.8	11.7	10.2	14.8	12.5	13.2	13.4	12.8	11.0
Reentrants	28.8	27.3	28.6	30.6	29.2	28.4	27.9	29.5	30.0
New entrants	7.1	6.7	8.3	8.7	9.4	9.3	9.8	8.9	9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.0	2.2	2.2	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
Reentrants	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2
New entrants	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment[Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,130	2,559	2,198	2,294	2,269	2,069	2,191	2,140	2,326
5 to 14 weeks	2,247	2,022	2,370	1,838	1,836	2,060	1,791	1,848	1,933
15 weeks and over	2,089	2,196	2,402	1,863	2,370	2,150	2,350	2,144	2,176
15 to 26 weeks	957	882	1,113	812	1,079	931	1,104	867	974
27 weeks and over	1,131	1,314	1,288	1,051	1,291	1,220	1,245	1,277	1,203

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	19.1	19.5	20.6	19.3	21.6	19.5	22.3	20.8	20.9
Median duration, in weeks	8.9	8.3	9.2	8.9	8.6	9.0	9.7	9.6	9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.9	37.8	31.5	38.3	35.0	33.0	34.6	34.9	36.1
5 to 14 weeks	34.7	29.8	34.0	30.7	28.4	32.8	28.3	30.1	30.0
15 weeks and over	32.3	32.4	34.5	31.1	36.6	34.2	37.1	35.0	33.8
15 to 26 weeks	14.8	13.0	16.0	13.6	16.7	14.8	17.4	14.1	15.1
27 weeks and over	17.5	19.4	18.5	17.5	19.9	19.4	19.7	20.8	18.7
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	159,713	160,315	6,465	6,970	3.9	4.2
Management, professional, and related occupations	69,986	70,217	1,406	1,580	2.0	2.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,137	29,861	632	731	2.1	2.4
Professional and related occupations	39,848	40,355	774	849	1.9	2.1
Service occupations	25,292	25,843	1,295	1,395	4.9	5.1
Sales and office occupations	30,220	29,884	1,327	1,368	4.2	4.4
Sales and related occupations	14,185	14,364	596	704	4.0	4.7
Office and administrative support occupations	16,035	15,520	731	664	4.4	4.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,190	14,287	902	940	6.0	6.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	946	981	85	119	8.2	10.8
Construction and extraction occupations	8,474	8,400	713	665	7.8	7.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,769	4,905	104	156	2.1	3.1
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,025	20,085	1,073	1,101	5.1	5.2
Production occupations	8,380	8,188	421	382	4.8	4.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,645	11,896	651	718	5.3	5.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,465	6,970	3.9	4.2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,218	5,522	4.0	4.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	17	24	3.0	4.2
Construction	708	711	6.6	7.0
Manufacturing	464	450	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	268	270	2.6	2.8
Nondurable goods	196	180	3.6	3.4
Wholesale and retail trade	1,039	926	5.4	4.7
Transportation and utilities	377	424	4.5	5.2
Information	87	121	3.2	4.3
Financial activities	227	242	2.2	2.4
Professional and business services	801	962	4.2	5.1
Education and health services	611	587	2.4	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	693	810	5.2	5.9
Other services	194	265	3.1	3.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	105	140	7.1	9.0
Government workers	374	373	1.7	1.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	306	359	3.0	3.5
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization[Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Feb. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	2.2	2.2	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.9	4.1	4.2	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	4.3	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.1
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.7	5.1	5.1	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.7
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.3	8.0	7.8	6.8	7.2	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024	Feb. 2023	Feb. 2024
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	99,934	100,426	41,689	42,221	58,245	58,205
Persons who currently want a job	4,987	5,546	2,514	2,621	2,472	2,925
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,420	1,559	771	792	649	767
Discouraged workers(2)	361	425	202	245	159	180
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,059	1,135	569	548	490	587

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,041	8,411	4,014	3,986	4,027	4,425
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.2	4.7	4.7	5.4	5.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,415	4,830	2,379	2,513	2,036	2,317
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,051	2,210	824	766	1,227	1,444
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	388	386	236	238	152	148
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,142	934	562	438	580	495
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)	Change from: Jan.2024 – Feb.2024(P)
Total nonfarm	153,817	158,269	155,414	156,555	155,060	157,304	157,533	157,808	275
Total private	131,013	134,901	132,406	133,112	132,509	134,228	134,405	134,628	223
Goods-producing	21,159	21,684	21,312	21,399	21,520	21,723	21,747	21,766	19

Mining and logging	624	642	628	631	633	643	640	640	0
Logging	45.0	42.7	41.8	41.9	44.6	42.5	41.8	41.9	0.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	579.3	599.1	586.5	589.1	588.4	600.2	598.0	598.1	0.1
Oil and gas extraction	115.3	118.8	119.0	118.1	116.3	118.1	119.7	119.1	-0.6
Mining (except oil and gas)	182.5	187.0	183.7	184.5	187.6	188.5	189.2	189.4	0.2
Coal mining	42.5	42.6	42.7	43.0	42.6	42.8	42.9	43.1	0.2
Metal ore mining	43.2	43.9	43.3	43.4	43.3	44.0	43.6	43.6	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	96.8	100.5	97.7	98.1	101.7	101.7	102.7	102.7	0.0
Support activities for mining	281.5	293.3	283.8	286.5	284.5	293.6	289.1	289.6	0.5

Construction	7,642	8,051	7,802	7,855	7,947	8,120	8,139	8,162	23
Construction of buildings	1,760.0	1,834.7	1,802.9	1,809.3	1,799.8	1,837.1	1,844.2	1,848.3	4.1
Residential building construction	906.9	933.2	913.8	916.2	926.8	933.6	936.2	936.0	-0.2
Nonresidential building construction	853.1	901.5	889.1	893.1	873.0	903.5	908.0	912.3	4.3
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,015.3	1,097.9	1,029.7	1,057.6	1,104.6	1,134.7	1,133.4	1,145.9	12.5
Specialty trade contractors	4,866.8	5,118.5	4,969.8	4,987.9	5,042.1	5,148.2	5,161.2	5,167.6	6.4
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,271.9	2,376.5	2,305.1	2,314.2	2,347.3	2,394.0	2,395.9	2,394.9	-1.0
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,594.9	2,742.0	2,664.7	2,673.7	2,694.8	2,754.2	2,765.3	2,772.7	7.4

Manufacturing	12,893	12,991	12,882	12,913	12,940	12,960	12,968	12,964	-4

Durable goods	8,055	8,172	8,106	8,126	8,075	8,148	8,147	8,149	2
Wood product manufacturing	419.7	414.3	411.2	413.7	421.6	414.3	414.0	415.6	1.6
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	414.4	425.6	411.9	412.0	422.4	424.3	421.8	420.9	-0.9
Primary metal manufacturing	370.8	374.3	370.8	371.2	371.1	372.4	372.3	371.6	-0.7
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,446.9	1,465.4	1,462.8	1,470.5	1,449.8	1,464.3	1,468.5	1,472.9	4.4
Machinery manufacturing	1,126.5	1,142.7	1,140.0	1,139.5	1,127.3	1,142.0	1,141.7	1,140.4	-1.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,106.1	1,109.7	1,102.4	1,102.2	1,109.7	1,107.9	1,107.6	1,105.9	-1.7
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	163.1	164.2	162.8	160.6	163.7	163.2	162.6	161.3	-1.3
Communications equipment manufacturing	84.8	87.0	86.2	86.2	85.1	86.9	86.7	86.6	-0.1
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	398.8	392.8	391.1	391.0	400.5	392.8	393.3	392.6	-0.7
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	428.6	435.2	432.0	434.1	429.1	434.8	434.1	434.7	0.6
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	30.8	30.5	30.3	30.3	31.3	30.2	30.8	30.7	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	414.0	414.1	410.2	412.3	415.9	413.8	411.6	414.1	2.5
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,763.1	1,846.3	1,830.1	1,834.1	1,761.3	1,831.3	1,836.0	1,834.1	-1.9
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,026.7	1,076.3	1,061.4	1,064.7	1,026.1	1,063.1	1,065.5	1,065.1	-0.4
Furniture and related product manufacturing	363.9	351.2	344.8	345.9	364.4	349.7	346.8	346.7	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	629.5	628.4	622.0	624.7	631.6	627.5	626.3	626.9	0.6

Nondurable goods	4,838	4,819	4,776	4,787	4,865	4,812	4,821	4,815	-6
Food manufacturing	1,718.7	1,738.4	1,718.5	1,722.4	1,725.6	1,729.0	1,730.8	1,729.1	-1.7
Textile mills	91.3	89.3	88.3	89.2	92.3	89.3	89.3	90.0	0.7
Textile product mills	102.5	95.6	95.0	94.7	102.7	95.3	95.2	94.9	-0.3
Apparel manufacturing	90.6	87.5	86.4	85.3	91.2	87.6	87.3	86.3	-1.0
Paper manufacturing	361.9	356.0	351.1	350.8	361.0	353.6	351.2	350.3	-0.9
Printing and related support activities	373.7	366.2	364.4	363.4	376.2	364.1	367.4	365.7	-1.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	103.6	106.8	105.7	107.4	107.6	109.2	110.5	111.1	0.6
Chemical manufacturing	904.6	896.7	892.7	894.7	903.1	895.0	895.6	893.5	-2.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	742.9	728.2	725.4	727.1	744.6	727.1	729.8	729.5	-0.3
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	348.0	354.3	348.4	351.8	360.9	361.4	363.6	364.7	1.1

Private service-providing	109,854	113,217	111,094	111,713	110,989	112,505	112,658	112,862	204

Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,602	29,648	28,769	28,663	28,851	28,867	28,852	28,892	40

Wholesale trade	6,055.8	6,178.1	6,113.5	6,121.7	6,087.0	6,159.5	6,156.2	6,155.0	-1.2
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,365.1	3,435.2	3,410.5	3,414.8	3,373.1	3,425.3	3,425.5	3,423.8	-1.7
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,178.1	2,224.6	2,194.9	2,197.6	2,199.7	2,218.9	2,219.3	2,219.6	0.3
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	512.6	518.3	508.1	509.3	514.2	515.3	511.4	511.6	0.2

Retail trade	15,431.6	16,048.2	15,574.3	15,488.6	15,606.8	15,602.7	15,617.9	15,636.6	18.7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,011.8	2,067.8	2,049.1	2,055.1	2,027.2	2,071.8	2,070.9	2,071.3	0.4
Automobile dealers	1,264.9	1,294.1	1,286.5	1,287.3	1,267.9	1,292.9	1,293.7	1,290.6	-3.1
Other motor vehicle dealers	171.7	168.3	163.8	165.0	179.0	174.8	173.9	172.9	-1.0
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	575.2	605.4	598.8	602.8	580.2	604.2	603.2	607.7	4.5
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,381.9	1,393.3	1,338.2	1,338.9	1,420.1	1,399.6	1,385.1	1,378.8	-6.3
Food and beverage retailers	3,229.1	3,285.1	3,238.8	3,246.0	3,238.7	3,247.4	3,250.2	3,253.1	2.9
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	867.7	866.3	834.6	827.7	865.8	829.6	828.1	825.4	-2.7
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	440.5	445.2	430.6	428.5	438.2	426.2	426.2	425.8	-0.4
Electronics and appliance retailers	427.2	421.1	404.0	399.2	427.6	403.5	401.9	399.7	-2.2
General merchandise retailers	3,172.9	3,421.9	3,247.7	3,214.4	3,217.2	3,209.1	3,226.7	3,243.9	17.2
Department stores	936.6	1,052.9	965.1	940.4	963.9	938.4	950.2	960.7	10.5
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,236.3	2,369.0	2,282.6	2,274.0	2,253.4	2,270.7	2,276.4	2,283.2	6.8
Health and personal care retailers	1,101.8	1,122.1	1,105.0	1,102.8	1,099.7	1,093.2	1,094.5	1,100.5	6.0
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,039.1	1,070.3	1,063.6	1,063.5	1,050.9	1,071.0	1,072.3	1,074.3	2.0
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,124.2	1,237.7	1,167.0	1,124.0	1,156.0	1,145.8	1,148.8	1,150.9	2.1
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,503.1	1,583.7	1,530.3	1,516.2	1,531.2	1,535.2	1,541.3	1,538.4	-2.9

Transportation and warehousing	6,549.3	6,837.2	6,497.7	6,467.3	6,588.0	6,520.6	6,491.7	6,511.4	19.7
Air transportation	531.7	568.6	564.5	568.5	536.0	569.9	569.5	573.4	3.9
Rail transportation	151.7	152.7	153.0	153.0	151.4	153.1	153.0	152.8	-0.2
Water transportation	64.7	69.4	69.6	69.7	67.4	70.9	72.3	72.7	0.4
Truck transportation	1,553.5	1,557.8	1,529.6	1,524.5	1,579.5	1,551.8	1,551.5	1,551.2	-0.3
Transit and ground passenger transportation	439.9	447.5	438.7	445.9	426.3	431.4	430.2	432.3	2.1
Pipeline transportation	51.7	51.7	52.2	52.5	51.8	51.8	52.4	52.5	0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	22.8	29.0	25.2	26.2	29.5	33.0	31.6	32.2	0.6
Support activities for transportation	816.9	841.9	832.0	834.6	819.0	831.9	833.7	836.3	2.6
Couriers and messengers	1,062.8	1,301.2	1,056.8	1,025.9	1,077.6	1,059.9	1,032.0	1,049.3	17.3
Warehousing and storage	1,853.6	1,817.4	1,776.1	1,766.5	1,849.5	1,766.9	1,765.5	1,758.7	-6.8

Utilities	565.3	584.9	583.5	585.7	569.1	583.8	585.7	588.9	3.2

Information	3,028	3,028	2,973	2,996	3,049	3,012	3,018	3,020	2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	399.3	439.5	409.7	428.0	416.4	431.3	440.0	443.2	3.2
Publishing industries	949.4	935.5	920.5	922.2	954.0	931.7	928.1	930.3	2.2
Broadcasting and content providers	354.0	345.7	340.8	341.6	353.4	343.0	343.2	341.4	-1.8
Telecommunications	658.1	634.8	631.5	633.0	656.8	634.8	634.2	632.0	-2.2
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	483.4	495.5	493.2	493.7	483.2	493.6	494.0	494.3	0.3
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	184.1	177.3	177.3	177.6	185.2	177.6	178.7	178.9	0.2

Financial activities	9,097	9,265	9,178	9,180	9,146	9,233	9,232	9,233	1
Finance and insurance	6,690.0	6,756.9	6,717.8	6,718.8	6,699.4	6,737.6	6,733.7	6,730.9	-2.8
Monetary authorities-central bank	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.6	22.5	22.6	22.5	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,645.5	2,607.6	2,597.3	2,590.8	2,643.2	2,603.8	2,597.9	2,589.0	-8.9
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,804.8	1,785.9	1,782.9	1,781.4	1,802.5	1,785.3	1,782.6	1,779.1	-3.5
Commercial banking	1,402.7	1,377.0	1,374.1	1,373.6	1,399.5	1,377.7	1,374.2	1,370.5	-3.7
Nondepository credit intermediation	541.1	534.2	529.9	525.6	542.6	531.4	530.4	526.7	-3.7
Activities related to credit intermediation	299.6	287.5	284.5	283.8	298.1	287.2	284.9	283.3	-1.6
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,080.7	1,120.0	1,105.7	1,107.9	1,086.5	1,114.6	1,113.1	1,115.1	2.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,941.3	3,006.8	2,992.3	2,997.6	2,947.1	2,996.7	3,000.1	3,004.3	4.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,407.2	2,508.0	2,460.2	2,461.1	2,447.0	2,495.7	2,498.4	2,501.9	3.5
Real estate	1,828.5	1,891.3	1,856.6	1,859.8	1,849.5	1,872.8	1,876.4	1,879.7	3.3
Rental and leasing services	556.2	593.2	580.7	578.3	574.7	599.7	598.6	598.8	0.2
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.5	23.5	22.9	23.0	22.8	23.2	23.4	23.4	0.0

Professional and business services	22,533	22,965	22,548	22,683	22,779	22,882	22,922	22,931	9
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,731.5	10,984.7	10,912.6	10,982.9	10,712.2	10,934.4	10,957.0	10,972.7	15.7
Legal services	1,175.0	1,204.9	1,183.2	1,186.7	1,181.4	1,193.5	1,189.9	1,192.6	2.7
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,209.1	1,159.5	1,192.4	1,235.7	1,134.0	1,157.6	1,162.6	1,163.6	1.0
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,619.3	1,670.4	1,660.1	1,665.9	1,642.9	1,672.6	1,683.3	1,689.7	6.4
Specialized design services	150.7	156.3	153.8	154.1	152.7	154.6	156.0	156.0	0.0
Computer systems design and related services	2,477.6	2,531.2	2,525.4	2,531.8	2,479.4	2,524.9	2,530.1	2,534.3	4.2
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,835.6	1,910.9	1,874.2	1,876.4	1,842.0	1,890.8	1,887.2	1,886.3	-0.9
Scientific research and development services	916.7	949.2	946.3	952.4	921.1	950.5	955.0	957.1	2.1
Advertising, public relations, and related services	500.8	521.1	513.7	516.6	503.0	517.9	519.6	519.2	-0.4
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	846.7	881.2	863.5	863.3	855.8	872.0	873.2	873.8	0.6
Management of companies and enterprises	2,542.2	2,566.7	2,548.9	2,551.7	2,551.0	2,558.0	2,557.3	2,560.6	3.3
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,259.1	9,413.3	9,086.8	9,148.3	9,515.7	9,389.2	9,408.0	9,397.8	-10.2
Administrative and support services	8,770.9	8,906.7	8,583.9	8,642.7	9,020.6	8,881.1	8,896.3	8,885.2	-11.1
Office administrative services	605.0	630.2	627.8	628.2	610.9	632.2	634.5	635.4	0.9
Facilities support services	164.5	172.7	173.0	172.4	165.7	172.8	173.3	173.4	0.1
Employment services(1)	3,675.2	3,633.7	3,435.0	3,482.0	3,728.1	3,533.4	3,537.7	3,523.6	-14.1
Temporary help services	2,915.8	2,855.1	2,668.4	2,717.1	2,955.0	2,764.5	2,763.3	2,747.9	-15.4
Business support services	757.0	742.6	722.7	716.6	757.1	723.7	719.9	716.6	-3.3
Travel arrangement and reservation services	183.2	196.1	195.2	195.0	186.3	197.4	197.9	198.2	0.3
Investigation and security services	990.6	1,015.3	1,004.2	1,010.9	999.6	1,012.8	1,015.8	1,018.6	2.8
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,067.7	2,173.8	2,091.1	2,100.2	2,237.0	2,266.1	2,273.1	2,274.1	1.0
Other support services	327.7	342.3	334.9	337.4	335.8	342.6	344.1	345.3	1.2
Waste management and remediation services	488.2	506.6	502.9	505.6	495.1	508.1	511.7	512.6	0.9

Private education and health services	25,069	25,980	25,754	26,129	24,968	25,831	25,938	26,023	85
Private educational services	3,928.9	3,907.2	3,757.7	3,994.3	3,795.1	3,842.5	3,862.4	3,856.8	-5.6
Health care and social assistance	21,139.7	22,073.0	21,996.7	22,134.3	21,173.0	21,988.5	22,075.1	22,165.8	90.7
Health care(3)	16,673.5	17,368.6	17,298.4	17,396.3	16,703.3	17,293.3	17,357.3	17,424.0	66.7
Ambulatory health care services	8,321.3	8,684.6	8,623.9	8,676.7	8,335.7	8,635.0	8,661.8	8,689.8	28.0
Offices of physicians	2,868.5	3,008.4	2,987.3	2,997.1	2,874.7	2,985.1	2,995.4	3,004.1	8.7
Offices of dentists	1,016.9	1,037.1	1,025.8	1,026.3	1,021.2	1,031.6	1,029.4	1,031.3	1.9
Offices of other health practitioners	1,136.1	1,188.6	1,177.2	1,193.0	1,135.7	1,183.6	1,186.6	1,192.2	5.6
Outpatient care centers	1,057.9	1,082.9	1,079.3	1,076.5	1,054.7	1,075.9	1,077.6	1,074.1	-3.5
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	320.8	326.3	323.1	324.0	319.9	325.3	323.5	323.7	0.2
Home health care services	1,578.4	1,687.6	1,680.1	1,705.6	1,586.3	1,680.4	1,697.0	1,709.9	12.9
Other ambulatory health care services	342.7	353.7	351.1	354.2	343.1	353.1	352.4	354.5	2.1
Hospitals	5,260.3	5,453.3	5,456.6	5,486.7	5,267.9	5,439.9	5,466.3	5,494.0	27.7
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,091.9	3,230.7	3,217.9	3,232.9	3,099.7	3,218.4	3,229.2	3,240.2	11.0
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,386.8	1,449.2	1,445.1	1,451.0	1,391.7	1,444.4	1,449.3	1,455.7	6.4
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	622.5	655.3	651.6	658.2	624.6	653.7	655.9	660.3	4.4
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	927.0	967.3	962.6	964.2	928.1	962.2	964.8	965.1	0.3
Other residential care facilities	155.6	158.9	158.6	159.5	155.4	158.2	159.2	159.1	-0.1
Social assistance	4,466.2	4,704.4	4,698.3	4,738.0	4,469.7	4,695.2	4,717.8	4,741.8	24.0
Individual and family services	2,952.3	3,130.0	3,134.1	3,161.3	2,955.4	3,127.7	3,144.1	3,163.1	19.0
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	214.3	228.0	223.6	227.0	213.0	224.7	224.7	225.9	1.2
Vocational rehabilitation services	275.6	285.6	283.4	285.7	278.5	286.1	287.4	287.8	0.4
Child care services	1,024.0	1,060.8	1,057.2	1,064.0	1,022.8	1,056.8	1,061.6	1,065.0	3.4

Leisure and hospitality	15,801	16,485	16,078	16,243	16,412	16,816	16,824	16,882	58
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,222.3	2,447.8	2,375.9	2,412.7	2,442.9	2,599.7	2,621.0	2,634.3	13.3
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	490.1	593.2	553.7	576.0	537.5	613.6	620.3	624.6	4.3
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	154.1	170.2	163.7	163.8	167.6	175.7	177.2	177.7	0.5
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,578.1	1,684.4	1,658.5	1,672.9	1,737.8	1,810.4	1,823.5	1,832.0	8.5
Accommodation and food services	13,578.6	14,037.1	13,702.4	13,830.1	13,969.5	14,216.4	14,202.7	14,247.3	44.6
Accommodation	1,784.3	1,853.3	1,817.4	1,826.4	1,880.4	1,924.2	1,922.2	1,925.2	3.0
Food services and drinking places	11,794.3	12,183.8	11,885.0	12,003.7	12,089.1	12,292.2	12,280.5	12,322.1	41.6

Other services	5,724	5,846	5,794	5,819	5,784	5,864	5,872	5,881	9
Repair and maintenance	1,417.1	1,468.3	1,457.3	1,460.9	1,431.8	1,473.2	1,475.4	1,477.1	1.7
Personal and laundry services	1,506.6	1,543.4	1,523.3	1,529.7	1,523.4	1,542.5	1,546.2	1,548.3	2.1
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,800.1	2,834.3	2,813.8	2,828.3	2,829.2	2,848.3	2,850.3	2,856.0	5.7

Government	22,804	23,368	23,008	23,443	22,551	23,076	23,128	23,180	52
Federal	2,880	2,971	2,958	2,972	2,892	2,961	2,973	2,982	9
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,276.4	2,358.3	2,353.5	2,364.8	2,288.8	2,359.7	2,367.6	2,376.4	8.8
U.S. Postal Service	603.2	612.3	604.8	607.1	602.9	601.1	605.5	605.8	0.3
State government	5,344	5,494	5,330	5,557	5,229	5,404	5,423	5,428	5
State government education	2,665.9	2,737.8	2,570.5	2,791.9	2,537.1	2,637.0	2,648.0	2,649.8	1.8
State government, excluding education	2,678.5	2,756.4	2,759.3	2,765.3	2,691.4	2,766.5	2,774.9	2,778.6	3.7
Local government	14,580	14,903	14,720	14,914	14,430	14,711	14,732	14,770	38
Local government education	8,185.1	8,308.9	8,155.2	8,312.9	7,919.8	8,038.7	8,041.0	8,053.2	12.2
Local government, excluding education	6,394.5	6,594.0	6,564.4	6,601.1	6,510.6	6,671.9	6,690.6	6,716.3	25.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.4	34.2	34.3
Goods-producing	40.0	39.7	39.4	39.7
Mining and logging	45.8	45.5	44.6	45.0
Construction	39.0	39.0	38.5	38.9
Manufacturing	40.3	39.8	39.8	39.9
Durable goods	40.7	40.3	40.2	40.4
Nondurable goods	39.5	39.0	39.1	39.1
Private service-providing	33.4	33.3	33.1	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.9	33.6	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.9	38.9	39.1
Retail trade	30.0	29.7	29.4	29.8
Transportation and warehousing	38.4	38.5	38.1	38.0
Utilities	42.4	41.7	42.2	42.3
Information	36.5	36.3	36.3	36.4
Financial activities	37.4	37.4	37.3	37.4
Professional and business services	36.6	36.4	36.3	36.4
Private education and health services	33.4	33.3	33.2	33.2
Leisure and hospitality	25.6	25.8	25.4	25.6
Other services	32.3	32.3	32.2	32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0
Durable goods	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.1
Nondurable goods	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.7
Footnotes (P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)
Total private	$33.15	$34.34	$34.52	$34.57	$1,143.68	$1,181.30	$1,180.58	$1,185.75
Goods-producing	33.39	34.92	35.07	35.11	1,335.60	1,386.32	1,381.76	1,393.87
Mining and logging	37.13	38.76	39.15	39.32	1,700.55	1,763.58	1,746.09	1,769.40
Construction	35.86	37.31	37.56	37.53	1,398.54	1,455.09	1,446.06	1,459.92
Manufacturing	31.71	33.23	33.33	33.40	1,277.91	1,322.55	1,326.53	1,332.66
Durable goods	33.22	34.93	35.10	35.19	1,352.05	1,407.68	1,411.02	1,421.68
Nondurable goods	29.13	30.25	30.26	30.27	1,150.64	1,179.75	1,183.17	1,183.56
Private service-providing	33.10	34.20	34.39	34.44	1,105.54	1,138.86	1,138.31	1,146.85
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28.65	29.61	29.71	29.71	974.10	1,003.78	998.26	1,007.17
Wholesale trade	36.22	37.21	37.24	37.39	1,405.34	1,447.47	1,448.64	1,461.95
Retail trade	23.77	24.25	24.22	24.17	713.10	720.23	712.07	720.27
Transportation and warehousing	28.67	30.24	30.51	30.57	1,100.93	1,164.24	1,162.43	1,161.66
Utilities	49.02	50.43	50.77	50.75	2,078.45	2,102.93	2,142.49	2,146.73
Information	47.98	49.11	49.08	48.85	1,751.27	1,782.69	1,781.60	1,778.14
Financial activities	42.57	44.51	44.81	45.06	1,592.12	1,664.67	1,671.41	1,685.24
Professional and business services	39.83	41.24	41.43	41.53	1,457.78	1,501.14	1,503.91	1,511.69
Private education and health services	32.68	33.64	33.83	33.91	1,091.51	1,120.21	1,123.16	1,125.81
Leisure and hospitality	20.82	21.59	21.67	21.79	532.99	557.02	550.42	557.82
Other services	29.70	31.06	31.20	31.26	959.31	1,003.24	1,004.64	1,009.70
Footnotes (P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted[2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)	Percent change from: Jan. 2024 – Feb. 2024(P)	Feb. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024(P)	Feb. 2024(P)	Percent change from: Jan. 2024 – Feb. 2024(P)
Total private	114.8	115.9	115.4	115.9	0.4	181.9	190.3	190.4	191.6	0.6
Goods-producing	98.1	98.3	97.6	98.4	0.8	148.0	155.1	154.7	156.2	1.0
Mining and logging	91.1	91.9	89.7	90.5	0.9	135.8	143.1	141.0	142.9	1.3
Construction	106.8	109.2	108.0	109.4	1.3	166.5	177.0	176.3	178.5	1.2
Manufacturing	93.8	92.8	92.9	93.1	0.2	138.3	143.4	143.9	144.5	0.4
Durable goods	92.5	92.4	92.2	92.7	0.5	136.5	143.4	143.7	144.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	95.9	93.7	94.1	94.0	-0.1	141.8	143.8	144.5	144.3	-0.1
Private service-providing	119.3	120.6	120.1	121.0	0.7	192.0	200.5	200.7	202.6	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.2	106.9	105.9	107.0	1.0	165.6	170.7	169.7	171.5	1.1
Wholesale trade	104.2	105.7	105.6	106.2	0.6	157.8	164.5	164.6	166.0	0.9
Retail trade	95.3	94.3	93.5	94.8	1.4	149.8	151.2	149.7	151.6	1.3
Transportation and warehousing	145.4	144.2	142.1	142.2	0.1	212.0	221.9	220.6	221.1	0.2
Utilities	104.4	105.3	106.9	107.8	0.8	169.1	175.5	179.4	180.7	0.7
Information	101.7	99.9	100.1	100.4	0.3	173.7	174.6	174.9	174.6	-0.2
Financial activities	112.1	113.1	112.8	113.1	0.3	186.1	196.4	197.2	198.8	0.8
Professional and business services	130.4	130.3	130.2	130.6	0.3	210.4	217.7	218.5	219.7	0.5
Private education and health services	136.2	140.5	140.6	141.1	0.4	214.1	227.3	228.8	230.1	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	119.9	123.8	121.9	123.3	1.1	201.4	215.6	213.2	216.8	1.7
Other services	107.7	109.2	109.0	109.5	0.5	175.3	185.9	186.4	187.7	0.7
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

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